A Powerful Oxidant

Ozone is a very powerful oxidation agent. It is easily soluble in water and its ability to eliminate the microorganisms that form pollutants is very good. Once the problem is solved, the ozone dissolves - our method forces the ozone to react with the pollutants and break them down, after which any residual ozone returns to oxygen.

The Chemistry of Ozone Formation

Ozone can be produced photochemically with UV light or with electrical discharges (corona discharges) in an oxygen-filled atmosphere. Thanks to our own patented technique, our equipment uses the advantages of corona discharge to the maximum. Air or oxygen is channelled between two electrodes and then subjected to electronic discharges. The oxygen atoms are then partly atomized and form ozone when free oxygen molecules react with the oxygen molecules present.

The electrons in the discharge supply energy to dissociate the atoms in the oxygen molecule:

O2 + e- => O0 + O0

These free atoms react directly with each other or with oxygen molecules to form ozone:

O2 + O0 => O3

Limit Values

Ozone is toxic to inhale. Ozone levels from 0.3 ppm irritate the respiratory tract and the mucous membranes of the eye, while levels around 100 ppm are dangerously toxic within a few minutes.

The Swedish National Board of Occupational Safety and Health has drawn up hygienic limit values (acceptable average levels in inhaled air) for ozone. Two main levels are used:

• Level limit value (LLV): Highest acceptable average content in inhaled air during 8 hours
• Ceiling limit value (CLV): Highest acceptable average content in inhaled air during 15 minutes

For ozone the threshold limit value is 0.1 ppm (0.2 mg/m3) and the ceiling is 0.3 ppm (0.6 mg/m3) (AFS, 1996:2). According to the Board, ozone is not carcinogenic or allergenic and does not impair reproduction; nor is it easily absorbed by the skin.

• Ozone is a triatomic allotrope of oxygen (O3)
• The Clean smell after a thunderstorm.
• One of the most powerful oxidants known to man (harmless in water)
• Ozone is 52% stronger than chlorine.
• Ozone works 3,125 times faster than chlorine.
• Ozone residual reverts to pure oxygen within a short time-making it environmentally friendly.
• Recognized as safe by the F.D.A. , and endorsed by the E.P.A as “best available technology”

What will ozone do?

• Kill Bacteria and viruses-including cryptosporidium.
• Oxidizes most organics such as iron and manganese, etc.
• Reduces or eliminates major chemical usage.
• Eliminates sulphur (H2S) odors.
• Greatly improves “Turbidity”
• Excellent flocculent (coagulant)
• Provides good tasting water (leaves the minerals in)
• Excellent pre and post treatment for R.O

What ozone will not do!

• It will not remove salt from water. (Use an R/O)
• It will not filter water.
• It will not remove TANNINS economically.
• It will not SOFTEN water.
• It will not remove or treat anything with name ending in "ATE".
• It will not create any harmful residues. (A+)

• Glass
• Teflon
• Stainless steel (300 series)

• Stainless steel (300 series)
• PVC
• Concrete
• Plexiglass
• Teflon
• Glass

• Stainless steel (300 series)
• Kalrez
• Kynar
• Teflon
• Viton

"VH" germicidal lamps generate energy at 185nm in addition to the 253.7nm line. This UV
emission produces abundant amounts of ozone in air. Ozone is an extremely active oxidizer, and destroys microorganisms on contact. Ozone also acts as a deodorizer. One of ozone's advantages is that it can be carried by air into places that the UV radiation cannot reach directly. To meet your specific need, Our offers germicidal lamps with different degrees of ozone production. "VH" lamps are typically used in the treatment of air, pool and spa water, and T.O.C. reduction.

Ozone (O3) is a highly reactive form of oxygen and is useful in water purification, as a
deodorizer and as a cleaning agent. Ultraviolet wavelengths shorter than 200 nanometer are capable of producing ozone from oxygen (O2) in the air. The mercury vapor arc, in addition to producing considerable ultraviolet output at 254 nm, also produces a small amount of output at 185 nm. The high purity fused quartz used in ozone producing lamps is transparent to both germicidal (254 nm) and ozone producing (185 nm) wavelengths.

High Output Lamps
High Output (HO) germicidal lamps yield 1/3 to 2/3 more UV output than standard lamps of
the same length. Ballasting is available in 120v and 220v. These HO lamps are designed to operate with standard preheat ballasts, which are significantly lower in cost and size than traditional Slimline (Instant Start) ballasts. Custom designed lengths can also be supplied.

The unique single-ended design, originated by Light Sources, is particularly suited for test
tube-shaped quartz sleeve applications. The end of the lamp with the pins is positioned at the open end of the sleeve at the top. This reduces electrical problems associated with condensation at the bottom of vertical units. Electrical continuity is accomplished through the use of two external Teflon coated wires. Longer lengths employ spacing rings. The 4-pin single ended design permits the use of standard Circline sockets. The lamps are supplied with ceramic bases, which are resistant to UV and ozone. They will not burn or deteriorate, and they eliminate quartz sleeve fogging.

QUESTION: WHAT IS OZONE?
ANSWER: Ozone is a molecule that consists of three oxygen atoms (O3), with a negative electric charge. The ozone molecule is very unstable and has a short half-life. Therefore, it will decay after some time into its original form: oxygen
In essence ozone is nothing more than oxygen (O2), with an extra oxygen atom, formed by an electric high charge an extra oxygen atom. In nature ozone is produced by some chemical reactions. The most familiar example is of course the ozone layer, where ozone is produced from the sun’s ultra-violet (UV) rays. But ozone is also produced at thunderstorms and waterfalls. The extreme high voltages attended with thunderstorms produce ozone from oxygen. The special “fresh, clean, spring rain” smell is a result from nature-produced ozone. Ozone derives from the Greek word ozein, which means to smell.
Ozone is only produced under extreme circumstances. This can also be created by ozone generators. Ozone generators produce ozone with extreme high voltages or with UV-light.

QUESTION: HOW DOES OZONE WORK?
ANSWER: Ozone operates according the principle of oxidation. When the static loaded ozone molecule (O3) contacts with something “oxidation able”, the charge of the ozone molecule will directly flow over. This is because ozone is very instable and likes to turn back in its original form (O2). Ozone can oxidize with all kinds of materials, but also odor and microorganisms like viruses, moulds and bacteria’s. The extra oxygen atom releases from the ozone molecule and binds with the other material. Eventually remains only the pure and stable oxygen molecule.
Ozone is one of the strongest oxidation agents technical available for use to oxidize solutes. The extra-added oxygen atom will bind (=oxidation) in a split second to every component that comes into contact with ozone.
Ozone can be used for a broad of area of purification. For the biggest part ozone is applied in the municipal wastewater and potable water treatment plants (for disinfection). However ozone is used more and more in the industrial branch. In the food industry for example ozone is used for disinfection and in the paper- and textile industry it is used for the oxidation of wastewater. The main benefit of ozone is its clean character, because it only oxidizes materials, with forming almost no byproducts. Because ozone has a strong recognizable odor, very low concentrations will soon be perceived. This makes it generally safe to work with ozone.

QUESTION: HOW IS OZONE PRODUCED?
ANSWER: Ozone can be produced artificially according the same principle as it occurs in nature, which means by UV light (ozone layer) or via corona-discharge (high voltages, thunderstorm). In both methods the connection between the oxygen molecules is broken up. Consequently oxygen radicals are produced, which connect with the oxygen molecule to O3 (ozone). For the production of ozone, corona discharge is used more because of the greater advantages of this method. Advantages are the lower costs for ozone production (more cost-efficient) and the greater durability of the system. For the feed inlet ambient air can be used as well as pure oxygen. For pure oxygen, oxygen generators can be used to concentrate oxygen out of air. When pure oxygen is used a higher concentration of ozone can be produced.

QUESTION: WHAT IS THE HALF-LIFE OF OZONE?
ANSWER: For the purification of water and air, it’s needed to produce ozone on-site. Because of its short half-life, ozone will decay soon when produced. The half life of ozone in water is about 30 minutes, which means that every half hour the ozone concentration will be reduced to half its initial concentration. For example, when you have 8 g/l, the concentration reduces every 30 minutes as follows: 8; 4; 2; 1; etc. In practice the half-life is shorter because a lot of factors can influence the half-life. Factors are temperature, pH, concentration and concentration and sort solutes. Because ozone reacts with all kinds of components, the concentration ozone will reduce quickly. When most of the components are oxidized, the residual ozone will remain, and the concentration ozone will reduce less fast.